How were vaccines invented?

Vaccines were invented through a series of scientific breakthroughs. Edward Jenner's development of the smallpox vaccine in 1796 marked a pivotal moment. He observed that milkmaids exposed to cowpox seemed immune to smallpox, leading him to create the first vaccine by inoculating a boy with cowpox. This laid the foundation for vaccination, a method later refined and expanded upon by scientists like Louis Pasteur and others. The process involves using weakened or inactivated forms of pathogens to stimulate the immune system without causing the disease, providing protection against future infections.

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